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Strategy

for industrial demand to gradually include new reach maturity and be deployed at a large scale to
applications, including steel-making, trucks, reach all hard-to-decarbonize sectors, becoming
rail and some maritime transport applications. competitive clean energy. In this phase, renewable
Renewable hydrogen will start playing a role in electricity production needs to massively increase
balancing a renewables-based electricity system as about a quarter of renewable electricity might be
by transforming electricity into hydrogen when used for renewable hydrogen production by 2050. In
renewable electricity is abundant and cheap and particular, hydrogen and hydrogen-derived synthetic
by providing flexibility. Hydrogen will also be used fuels, based on carbon-neutral CO , could penetrate
2
for daily or seasonal storage, as a backup and more largely across a wider range of sectors of the
provide buffering functions, enhancing the security economy, from aviation and shipping to hard-to-
of supply in the medium term. Additionally, decarbonize industrial and commercial buildings.
the further retrofitting of existing fossil-based Sustainable biogas may also have a role in replacing
hydrogen production with carbon capture should natural gas in hydrogen production facilities with
continue to reduce greenhouse gas and other air carbon capture and storage to create negative
pollutant emissions in view of the increased 2030 emissions, at the condition that biomethane leakage
climate ambition. Local hydrogen clusters, such is avoided and only in line with the biodiversity
as remote areas or islands, or regional ecosystems objectives and the principles stated in the EU
– so-called “Hydrogen Valleys” – will develop, Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.
relying on local production of hydrogen-based on
decentralized renewable energy production and List of key actions for the EU
local demand, transported over short distances. In I. An investment agenda for the EU. Through
such cases, a dedicated hydrogen infrastructure the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance, develop
can use hydrogen not only for industrial and as investment agenda to stimulate the roll-out
38 transport applications, and electricity balancing, of production and use of hydrogen and build a
but also for the provision of heat for residential and concrete pipeline of projects (by end of 2020);
commercial buildings. In this phase, the need for support strategic investments in clean hydrogen in
an EU-wide logistical infrastructure will emerge, the context of the European Commission’s recovery
and steps will be taken to transport hydrogen from plan, in particular through the Strategic European
areas with large renewable potential to demand Investment Window of InvestEU (from 2021);
centers located possibly in other Member States. II. Boosting demand for and scaling up production.
The back-bone of a pan-European grid will need Propose measures to facilitate the use of hydrogen
to be planned and a network of hydrogen refueling and its derivatives in the transport sector in the
stations to be established. The existing gas grid Commission’s upcoming Sustainable and Smart
could be partially repurposed for the transport of Mobility Strategy, and in related policy initiatives
renewable hydrogen over longer distances and (2020); explore additional support
the development of larger-scale hydrogen storage measures, including demand-
facilities would become necessary. International side policies in end-use
trade can also develop, in particular with the EU’s sectors, for renewable
neighboring countries in Eastern Europe and in the hydrogen building
Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries. on the existing
In terms of policy focus, such a sustained scale up provisions of
over a relatively short period will require gearing Renewable
up EU’s support and stimulate investments to Energy
build a fully-fledged hydrogen ecosystem. By
2030 the EU will aim at completing an open and
competitive EU hydrogen market, with unhindered
cross-border trade and efficient allocation of
hydrogen supply among sectors.
In a third phase, from 2030 onwards and towards
2050, renewable hydrogen technologies should

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