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Strategy NO.10 2020 / 12

and the production of up to one million tons of
renewable hydrogen, to decarbonize existing
hydrogen production, e.g. in the chemical sector
and facilitating take-up of hydrogen consumption
in new end-use applications such as other industrial
processes and possibly in heavy-duty transport.
In this phase, the manufacturing of electrolyzers,
including large ones (up to 100 MW), needs to be
scaled up. These electrolyzers could be installed
next to existing demand centers in larger refineries,
steel plants, and chemical complexes. They
would ideally be powered directly from local
renewable electricity sources. In addition, hydrogen
refueling stations will be needed for the uptake of
hydrogen fuel-cell buses and trucks. Electrolyzers
will thus also be needed to locally supply an
increasing number of hydrogen refueling stations.
Different forms of low-carbon electricity-based
hydrogen, especially those produced with near-
zero greenhouse gas emissions, will contribute to
scaling up production and the market for hydrogen.
Some of the existing hydrogen production plants
should be decarbonized by retrofitting them with
carbon capture and storage technologies. As 37
energy. Renewable hydrogen is the most compatible infrastructure needs for transporting hydrogen
option with the EU’s climate neutrality and zero will remain limited, planning of medium-range
pollution goal in the long term and the most coherent and backbone transmission infrastructure should
with an integrated energy system. The choice for begin. Infrastructure for carbon capture and use
renewable hydrogen builds on European industrial of CO will be required to facilitate certain forms
2
strength in electrolyzer production, will create of low-carbon hydrogen. The policy focus will be
new jobs and economic growth within the EU and on laying down the regulatory framework for a
support a cost-effective integrated energy system. liquid and well-functioning hydrogen market and
On the way to 2050, renewable hydrogen should on incentivizing both supply and demand in lead
progressively be deployed at a large scale alongside markets, including through bridging the cost gap
the roll-out of new renewable power generation, as between conventional solutions and renewable
technology matures and the costs of its production and low-carbon hydrogen and through appropriate
technologies decrease. This process must be initiated State aid rules. Enabling framework conditions will
now. push concrete plans for large wind and solar plants
In the short and medium term, however, other dedicated to gigawatt-scale renewable hydrogen
forms of low-carbon hydrogen are needed, primarily production before 2030.
to rapidly reduce emissions from existing hydrogen In a second phase, from 2025 to 2030,
production and support the parallel and future hydrogen needs to become an intrinsic part of an
uptake of renewable hydrogen. The hydrogen integrated energy system with a strategic objective
ecosystem in Europe is likely to develop through a to install at least 40 GW of renewable hydrogen
gradual trajectory, at different speeds across sectors electrolyzers by 2030 and the production of
and possibly across regions and requiring different up to 10 million tons of renewable hydrogen in
policy solutions. the EU. In this phase, renewable hydrogen is
In the first phase, from 2020 up to 2024, the expected to gradually become cost-competitive
strategic objective is to install at least 6 GW of with other forms of hydrogen production, but
renewable hydrogen electrolyzers in the EU dedicated demand-side policies will be needed

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