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Overview NO.10 2020 / 12

Hydrogen energy: an important medium of discontinuously and stored on a large scale, which
energy transformation will significantly increase the flexibility of the power
Hydrogen energy can be used for transportation, network and support a higher share of renewable
as a feedstock for petroleum refining and ammonia power development, mainly as follows: hydrogen
production, as well as for metal refining and energy can meet the demand for large-scale and
residential cooking. Moreover, hydrogen has the long-cycle storage of renewable energy; hydrogen
potential to be an energy carrier for integrating energy can be used as fuel to provide electricity
different infrastructures to improve economic and heat and thermal energy for transportation and
efficiency, reliability, flexibility, and many of these industry through fuel cells, effectively reducing the
uses will help reduce carbon emissions in the power use of fossil energy and continuing to increase the
and transportation sectors. Hydrogen can also proportion of electricity in the energy system.
provide large-scale, long-term energy storage for the At the same time, the continuous progress of
power sector. Hydrogen energy storage systems can renewable energy based hydrogen production and
provide ancillary grid services, such as emergency, hydrogen storage and transportation, hydrogen
load tracking and regulation reserves, which can application technology is expected to make the
provide an additional source of energy and thus renewable energy in some advantageous areas get rid
reduce the cost of electrolytic hydrogen production. of the restrictions of grid facilities and consumption
Hydrogen can also be another bridge between VRE conditions. Through large-scale development of
and the transportation sector. wind, PV and other renewable energy power plants,
Currently, about 115 million tons of hydrogen we can produce hydrogen locally at a lower cost of
is used worldwide, of which about 61% is used for power generation, and realize efficient and low-
refining and producing fertilizers, etc., and 39% is cost regional transmission and deployment of
used for producing methanol and other chemicals renewable energy through hydrogen energy storage
and fuels, etc. Hydrogen energy is expected to be and transportation network. The abundant hydrogen 31
responsible for 18% of global energy demand in energy application scenarios and the deeply coupled
2050, creating 30 million jobs, reducing 6 billion electricity-hydrogen energy system will strongly
tons of CO2 emissions, and creating a market value support the large-scale hydrogen consumption. This
of USD 2.5 trillion. Major industrial countries around provides new ideas and space for breaking through
the world have included hydrogen energy in their the bottleneck of renewable energy development.
national energy development strategies, and the Electric-hydrogen coupling will become an
development of hydrogen energy industry has taken important feature of the modern energy system.
shape.
Hydrogen production: large-scale, low-
Hy dr o gen-elect ri cit y syst em: cost hydrogen is the key
breakthrough the limits of renewable The current hydrogen production technology routes
energy development are mainly divided into fossil raw material based
The combination of hydrogen and electricity will hydrogen production, chemical raw material based
become an important way to build a modern energy hydrogen production, industrial tail gas based
system. Electricity is a key medium for flexible hydrogen production and electrolytic water based
and efficient conversion between multiple energy hydrogen production according to the source of
sources, with energy conversion efficiency usually raw materials. Conventional hydrogen production
above 90%. The increase in the level of electrification technology routes are dominated by traditional fossil
is conducive to improving the efficiency of energy energy sources, with natural gas being the main
use and reducing the proportion of fossil energy in source of hydrogen production worldwide.
the final energy consumption. Hydrogen production from fossil raw materials
Hydrogen and electricity are both secondary is the generation of hydrogen through reforming
energy sources, and easy to couple various energy of energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil and
sources such as electricity, heat and fuel and shale gas, and is currently a very mature technology
establish an interconnected modern energy network. route with a relatively low average price.
More importantly, hydrogen energy can be produced The methanol decomposition technology process

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