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Application

Currently, the mainstream trend in hydrogen and should be actively promoted and strongly
power generation is through hydrogen fuel cells, i.e., supported, but the uncertainties and potential risks
through the direct electrochemical reaction between of the future hydrogen energy market should be
hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, in other fully considered when making the corresponding
words, the reverse reaction of electrolytic water. planning and design from a strategic perspective.
This process does not require combustion and has Australia's future hydrogen energy trends can be
an energy conversion efficiency of 60% to 80%, less broadly divided into four scenarios. “Hydrogen for
pollution and less noise and flexible arrangement. the Future”, a scenario that represents a future in
However, at the current stage, the economic which Australia becomes a hydrogen nation, uses
efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell power generation hydrogen as its primary energy source and maintains
mode in dealing with large capacity load demand is high levels of hydrogen exports. “Established goals”, a
not high due to factors such as the cost and capacity scenario indicates that in the future hydrogen energy
of fuel cells. In the case of large-scale centralized will continue to develop according to the established
power demand, hydrogen combustion can be used goals and become an effective alternative to fossil
to drive turbine power generation to meet large- energy. “Conservative development”, a scenario sees
scale load demand, and the popularity of this a conservative and lagging development of hydrogen
power generation mode depends on the reduction energy in Australia in the future, limited by cost and
of hydrogen production and storage costs and other factors. “Electricity breakthrough”, a scenario
breakthroughs in related technologies in the future. in which a technological breakthrough leads to
In the field of power grid, hydrogen has great existing clean energy sources (wind, light, pumped
potential to become an effective alternative to storage) fully meeting future electricity demand
existing energy storage systems, i.e. hydrogen fuel and replacing gas and oil as Australia's primary
cells will replace the existing chemical cell energy energy source. The above four scenarios reflect four
54 storage systems on a large scale and become an different future trends of hydrogen energy.
effective means to cut peaks and fill valleys in the Despite the uncertainty of future hydrogen energy
future power grid and ensure the balance of supply development, Australia has made up its mind to
and demand. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial develop hydrogen energy and unlock its potential.
Research Organisation (CSIRO) pointed out that, given For the future development of hydrogen energy,
the high power density of hydrogen fuel cells, they Australia proposes an adaptive development
can fully participate in the electricity market and be route for hydrogen energy, which means that the
used to provide fast frequency and voltage regulation development of hydrogen energy should always be
services, and it is expected that by 2025, for 100MW ready for adjustment and revision, and the next best
energy storage systems, the cost of using hydrogen route should be adjusted at any time according to the
fuel cells can be basically the same as chemical current development stage.
batteries. On the other hand, unlike chemical cell
energy storage systems, hydrogen fuel cells are not
affected by charge/discharge energy loss and self-
discharge, and are less affected by seasonal and
external temperature factors. At present, hydrogen To implement this route, Australia has
fuel cells have been initially commercialized, and proposed a “two-step” strategy.
their cell capacities can range from a few kilowatts to
several megawatts based on different technologies.
Therefore, hydrogen fuel cells have great commercial
potential and broad development prospects as
distributed energy storage systems to provide The first step is to lay the foundation and promote
relevant auxiliary services to the power grid. pilot projects, including investing in hydrogen
energy technology development, expanding
Future trends in hydrogen energy in the hydrogen energy industry chain, deepening
Australia international cooperation, and supporting hydrogen
Hydrogen energy has good development prospects energy pilot projects, etc. The second step is large-

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